![]() ![]() The Jews replied that Michael sat at God’s left and Gabriel at his right but that the two were enemies. Another report, related by al-Bayḍāwī (died 1280), states that ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, curious why they disbelieved the revelations Gabriel had brought to Muhammad, entered the synagogue of Medina and asked the Jews there how they regarded Gabriel. Upon responding that Jibrīl is the bearer of his revelations, the Jews replied that the archangel (called Gabriel in biblical literature) is an enemy who brings about war and suggested that Michael would be a more trustworthy bearer of revelation. The single allusion to Mīkāl in the Qurʾān (2:98) states: “Whoever is an enemy of God or his angels or his apostles or Jibrīl or Mīkāl: verily God is an enemy of the unbelievers,” a verse exegetes say was intended to address the Jews of Medina, who disbelieved in the Qurʾān’s revelation yet held Michael in particular esteem as “the lord of Israel.” According to one account, related by al-Qurṭubī (died 1273), Muhammad was questioned by the Jews of Medina about the origin of his prophetic mission.
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